Context:

  • The death of the last male in 2018 made the extinction of the northern white rhino a reality.
  • But it is important to note that already in 2015, a group of 20 scientists from five continents had launched an expensive project to rebuild the subspecies through in vitro fertilisation (IVF).
  • About a week ago the scientists announced the first-ever rhino pregnancy achieved by transferring a lab-made rhino embryo into a surrogate mother.
  • The international consortium of scientists, named BioRescue, is confident that the success can be replicated with 30 embryos of the northern white stored in liquid nitrogen.

About Northern White Rhino:

  • The northern white rhinocerosor northern white rhino is one of two subspecies of the white rhinoceros and the other being the southern white rhinoceros.
  • This subspecies is a grazer in grasslands and savanna
  • It was formerly found in several countries in East and Central Africa south of the Sahara.
  • But since 19 March 2018, there are only two known rhinos of this subspecies left which are named Najin and Fatu, both of which are female; barring the existence of unknown or misclassified male northern white rhinos elsewhere in Africa, this makes the subspecies functionally extinct.
  • According to the latest International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) assessment from 2020, the subspecies is considered as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct in the Wild).