Context:

  • Recently, India had decided to formally join the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) project, an international scientific collaboration working to build the world’s largest radio telescope.
  • India has approved nearly Rs 1,250 crore for the project, which includes its funding contribution for the construction phase.

About the Square Kilometer Array:

  • The Square Kilometer Array will not be a single large telescope but a collection of thousands of dish antennas operating as a single unit.
  • The name, Square Kilometer Array, comes from the original intention to create one square kilometre (one million square metre) of effective area for collecting the radio waves.
  • This was meant to be achieved by installing thousands of smaller antennas in a specific array design that would make them function like a single radio telescope.
  • The antennas, about 200 of them are in South Africa and more than 130,000 are in Australia, being installed in sparsely populated locations.
  • The sites are chosen to ensure they are as far away from human activities as possible.
  • This has been done in order to minimise signal interference from undesirable Earth-based sources.
  • Once operational, SKA would be between 5 to 60 times more powerful than the most advanced existing radio telescopes functioning in comparable range of frequencies.

Benefits that would flow for India:

  • Even though none of the SKA facilities would be located in India, there are immense science and technology gains for the country by participating in the project as a full member.
  • In this regard, SKA offers opportunities similar to the LHC or the ITER, which too are located on foreign soil but have brought rich benefits to the Indian scientific community.
  • A full member status would provide India preferential access to the SKA facilities.
  • The SKA would work on highest-end technologies, including electronics, software, material science and computing.
  • The intellectual properties generated by the project, though owned by the SKA Observatory, would be accessible to all the member countries.
  • This can offer huge learning opportunities for scientists, academics and even private industry.